PCOS Explained: Symptoms, Causes & Best Treatment Options for Women | RG Hospitals

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. While it can feel overwhelming to navigate the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, understanding PCOS early can help you take charge of your health with confidence. This blog breaks down the PCOS symptoms, causes, early signs, and the best treatment options available for women. 

What Is PCOS? 

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a condition where the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens). This hormonal imbalance affects the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and metabolic health. Many women with PCOS also have small fluid-filled sacs or follicles on their ovaries, though not all cases show visible cysts. 

Because the condition affects multiple body systems, PCOS symptoms in women can vary widely—from irregular periods to weight gain, acne, infertility, and more. 

Common PCOS Symptoms 

The symptoms of PCOS differ from woman to woman, but some common indicators include: 

1. Irregular Periods 

One of the earliest and most noticeable symptoms of PCOS is a disrupted menstrual cycle. Women may experience: 

Delayed periods 

Missed periods 

Very light or very heavy bleeding 

This happens due to lack of regular ovulation and is one of the most significant irregular periods symptoms seen in PCOS. 

2. Excess Hair Growth (Hirsutism) 

Higher androgen levels can cause coarse, dark hair growth on areas such as the face, chest, stomach, back, and thighs. 

3. Acne & Oily Skin 

Hormonal imbalance symptoms often include severe acne, especially on the face, chest, and upper back. 

4. Weight Gain & Difficulty Losing Weight 

Many women with PCOS struggle with unexplained weight gain, especially around the abdomen, due to insulin resistance. 

5. Scalp Hair Thinning 

PCOS may cause gradual hair thinning or hair fall similar to male-pattern baldness. 

6. Skin Darkening 

Dark, velvety patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans) may appear around the neck, armpits, groin, or under the breasts. 

7. Fertility Problems 

Lack of regular ovulation is one of the main reasons women with PCOS may face difficulty conceiving. 

Early Signs of PCOS Every Woman Should Know 

Recognizing the early signs of PCOS helps in timely diagnosis and management. These early symptoms often include: 

Sudden menstrual irregularity 

Rapid weight gain 

Persistent acne 

Increased facial or body hair 

Fatigue and mood swings 

Cravings or signs of insulin resistance 

If you notice two or more of these symptoms consistently, it is essential to consult a gynaecologist. 

What Causes PCOS? 

While there is no single cause, experts believe PCOS develops due to a combination of: 

1. Hormonal Imbalance 

Higher androgen levels interfere with ovulation and cause many of the visible hormonal imbalance symptoms such as acne and hair growth. 

2. Insulin Resistance 

When the body does not use insulin effectively, it triggers the ovaries to produce more androgens, worsening PCOS symptoms. 

3. Genetics 

PCOS tends to run in families—daughters, sisters, or mothers of women with PCOS are more likely to develop it. 

4. Lifestyle Factors 

Poor diet, stress, sedentary habits, and disrupted sleep cycles may contribute to the severity of PCOS. 

How Is PCOS Diagnosed? 

A doctor may use a combination of: 

Detailed medical history 

Pelvic examination 

Ultrasound to check for ovarian follicles 

Blood tests to measure hormone levels 

Diagnosis focuses on identifying PCOS symptoms in women, menstrual irregularities, and signs of androgen excess. 

Best Treatment Options for PCOS 

While there is no permanent cure, PCOS can be effectively managed with the right care plan. Treatment depends on whether the goal is symptom relief, weight management, fertility improvement, or overall hormonal balance. 

1. Lifestyle Modifications 

The first and most critical step includes: 

Balanced diet with low sugar intake 

Regular exercise 

Weight management 

Stress control 

Even a 5–10% reduction in body weight can significantly improve PCOS symptoms. 

2. Medications 

Doctors may recommend: 

Hormonal birth control to regulate periods 

Metformin to improve insulin sensitivity 

Anti-androgen medicines for acne and hair growth 

Ovulation-inducing medications for women planning pregnancy 

3. Skincare & Hair Management 

Dermatological treatments help manage acne, pigmentation, and hair growth issues caused by hormonal imbalance symptoms. 

4. Fertility Treatments 

For women experiencing fertility challenges, options include: 

Lifestyle changes 

Medication to stimulate ovulation 

IVF in selected cases 

When to See a Doctor? 

Visit a specialist if you experience: 

Irregular periods symptoms for more than 3 months 

Rapid weight gain 

Difficulty conceiving 

Persistent acne or hair growth on the face/body 

Severe PMS-like symptoms 

Early diagnosis plays a major role in preventing long-term complications such as diabetes, hypertension, and infertility. 

Conclusion 

PCOS is a manageable condition when diagnosed early and treated with a personalised plan. By understanding the symptoms of PCOS, early warning signs, and available treatments, women can take meaningful steps toward better health and hormonal balance. At RG Hospitals, our specialists offer advanced diagnostic tools and customised treatment plans designed to support women at every stage of their PCOS journey.